Although the etiology and expression of psychiatric disorders are complex, mammals show
biologically preserved behavioral and neurobiological responses to valent stimuli which …

Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] is a multifunctional neurotransmitter innervating
cortical and limbic areas involved in cognition and emotional regulation. Dysregulation of …

Fear learning and regulation is a prominent model for describing the pathogenesis of
anxiety disorders and stress-related psychopathology. Fear expression can be modulated …

Although often referred to as a hunger hormone, recent evidence highlights a
neuroprotective function of acylated ghrelin (AG) and a substantial role in the regulation of …

To investigate the role of neuronal NF-κB activity in pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS), we generated transgenic mice with neuron-specific expression of a super …

Acetylcholine is a neuromodulator critical for learning and memory. The cholinesterase
inhibitor donepezil increases brain acetylcholine levels and improves Alzheimer's disease …

The sympathoadrenal medullary system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are
both activated upon stressful events. The release of catecholamines, such as dopamine …

The Small GTPase Rac1 is critical for various fundamental cellular processes, including
cognitive functions. The cyclical activation and inactivation of Rac1, mediated by Rac …

Microglia, the largest population of brain immune cells, continuously interact with synapses
to maintain brain homeostasis. In this study, we use conditional cell-specific gene targeting …

Background Memory impairment (MI) is one of the most common complaints of people
referred to physicians for proper diagnosis. In addition, the prevalence of neurodegenerative …