It is well known that healthy gut microbiota is essential to promote host health and well‐
being. The intestinal microbiota of endothermic animals as well as fish are classified as …

Infectious diseases in fish represent a major problem for the aquaculture field as they
produce extensive damages and loss. Over the last few years, with increased development …

Fish, as the first vertebrate group appearing in evolution after adaptive radiation during the
Devonic period, still represent the most successful and diverse group of vertebrates. This …

When looking for a book on fish toxicology, you might find one that discusses the
biochemical and molecular aspects, or one that focuses aquatic toxicology in general. You …

The present study investigated the immunomodulatory activity of Ergosan, an algal extract
containing alginic acid, and Macrogard, a yeast extract containing β-glucans, on innate and …

Maternal immunity is of paramount importance for protection of young ones at early stage of
life since the immune factors of an immunocompetent female are transferred transplacentally …

Immunisation of sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) broodstock with a novel vaccine mixture of
Photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida SK7 (Phdp) was performed during the period of …

Phagocytosis by fish cells has mostly been studied using adherent leucocytes, excluding
suspended cells such as the majority of B-cells and neutrophils, but a recent study describes …

Teleost fish represent a transition point on the phylogenetic spectrum between invertebrates
that depend only on innate immunity and mammals that heavily depend on adaptive …

The thymus plays a pivotal role in the development of the adaptive immune system, an
important factor that separates higher vertebrates from the rest of the animal phyla. The …