Simple Summary Reptiles are commonly housed in wildlife parks and zoos, and are
increasingly being kept as pets. Husbandry of reptiles is complex; signs of pain or disease …

Using sampling experiments, we found that, when there are fewer groups than variables,
between-groups PCA (bgPCA) may suggest surprisingly distinct differences among groups …

Morphometrics is an important aspect of biological research that integrates in various ways
with other branches of biology like genetics, ecology, and evolution to determine an …

The identification of material culture variability remains an important goal in archaeology, as
such variability is commonly coupled with interpretations of cultural transmission and …

Simple Summary Plant species complexes with hybridization and asexual reproduction
often exhibit complex morphological patterns, which is problematic for classifications. Here …

Characterising phenotypes often requires quantification of anatomical shape. Quantitative
shape comparison (morphometrics) traditionally uses manually located landmarks and is …

Shape measurements are crucial for evolutionary and developmental biology; however, they
present difficulties in the objective and automatic quantification of arbitrary shapes …

Many qualitative and quantitative methods for the separation of sheep and goat bones are
based upon Middle Eastern, Mediterranean and European specimens. However, these …

Nearly a century of paleontological excavation and analysis from the cave deposits of the
Cradle of Humankind UNESCO World Heritage Site in northeastern South Africa underlies …

Most fossil hominin species are sampled with spatial, temporal or anatomical biases that can
hinder assessments of their paleodiversity, and may not yield genuine evolutionary signals …