Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are paroxystic and episodic events associated
with motor, sensory, mental or autonomic manifestations, which resemble epileptic seizures …

Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common and disabling disorder, often
misunderstood by clinicians. Although viewed sceptically by some, FND is a diagnosis that …

Objective Childhood trauma has been implicated as a risk factor for the etiology of
psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). Relatively little attention has been paid to …

Background Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric
condition characterized by sensorimotor difficulties. Patients with FND at times report that …

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizure (PNES) is often misdiagnosed as epilepsy, leading to
unnecessary treatments and procedures, as well as failure to engage patients in needed …

Purpose Previous studies from a few countries have reported semiological differences in
younger children compared with adolescents or adults with psychogenic nonepileptic …

Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a multinetwork brain disorder that exists at the
intersection between neurology and psychiatry. 1 It is one of the more common outpatient …

Objective Female predominance is evident in childhood-onset psychogenic nonepileptic
seizures (PNES). Understanding gender-specific vulnerability to PNES may provide a …

Purpose Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) offer an immense diagnostic and
therapeutic challenge. We sought to determine socioeconomic, psychological and …

Under physiological conditions, proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors at low levels
have been claimed to be important in neuronal development, controlling neurite outgrowth …