Microbial infections are controlled by host inflammatory responses that are initiated by
innate immune receptors after recognition of conserved microbial products. As inflammation …

Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are protein transport nanomachines that are found in
Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and symbionts. Resembling molecular syringes, T3SSs …

Many fungi and oomycete species are devasting plant pathogens. These eukaryotic
filamentous pathogens secrete effector proteins to facilitate plant infection. Fungi and …

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal agent of bacterial blight of rice, employs
the transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) to induce the expression of the OsSWEET …

Coumarins are a family of plant-derived secondary metabolites that are produced via the
phenylpropanoid pathway. In the past decade, coumarins have emerged as iron-mobilizing …

Bacteria have evolved a remarkable array of sophisticated nanomachines to export various
virulence factors across the bacterial cell envelope. In recent years, considerable progress …

Plant pathogens are a significant challenge in agriculture despite our best efforts to combat
them. One of the most effective and sustainable ways to manage plant pathogens is to use …

Pyroptosis is a form of necrotic and inflammatory programmed cell death, which could be
characterized by cell swelling, pore formation on plasma membranes, and release of …

Petroleum hydrocarbons represent the most frequent environmental contaminant. The
introduction of petroleum hydrocarbons into a pristine environment immediately changes the …

Many bacteria have evolved specialized nanomachines with the remarkable ability to inject
multiple bacterially encoded effector proteins into eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells. Known as …