Drought is a recurring, complex, and extreme climatic phenomenon characterized by
subnormal precipitation for months to years triggering negative impacts on agriculture …

Lysimetric and eddy covariance techniques are commonly used to directly estimate actual
crop evapotranspiration (ET a). However, these technologies are costly, laborious, and …

The water footprint of a crop (WF) is a common metric for assessing agricultural water
consumption and productivity. To provide an update and methodological enhancement of …

Direct-seeded rice (DSR) has received much attention because of its advantages in having
low labor costs compared to the traditional transplanted rice (TPR). Investigating the …

Abstractref Drought indices have been widely used in drought monitoring and assessments,
but it is difficult to select a uniform index suitable for different geographical and climatic …

Agriculture water use accounts for 70% of the total water withdrawal worldwide. The
evapotranspiration during crop growth is one of the important hydrological processes in the …

Different agronomic practices can change the morphological and productive responses of
forage cactus to the cultivation environment. Therefore, studying the effects of the …

Rice is a staple food crop, and optimizing its yield and quality is crucial for food security. This
study investigated the influence of weather variables and nitrogen (N) management …

Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is critical for irrigation design and water management in
rainfed and irrigated agriculture. The Penman-Monteith (FAO-56 (PM)) equation was …

Early blight is a severe disease which affects several plant species, including tomato plants.
Weather parameters such as temperature, leaf wetness, soil moisture, and relative humidity …