The role of the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in
atherosclerosis has been the subject of considerable debate for a decade. In the early …

The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) cytokines are a multi-functional family that exert a
wide variety of effects on both normal and transformed mammalian cells. The secretion and …

Alzheimer′ s disease (AD) is characterized by deposition of amyloid plaques,
neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation. In order to study microglial contribution to …

Objective: To identify stage-specific induction of molecular pathology pathways in Duchenne
muscular dystrophy (DMD). Methods: We performed mRNA profiling using muscles from …

This study was designed to characterize the direct effects of hyperglycemia on plasminogen
activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Glucose …

The transforming growth factor type-β (TGF-β) superfamily of ligands, receptors, binding
proteins and ligand traps together plays a key role in the maintenance of normal blood …

The smooth muscle cell is the sole cell type normally found in the media of mammalian
arteries. In the adult, it is a terminally differentiated cell that expresses cytoskeletal marker …

Using the rat balloon catheter denudation model, we examined the role of transforming
growth factor-β (TGF-β) isoforms in vascular repair processes. By en face in situ …

The plasminogen activator (PA) system, which controls the formation and activity of plasmin,
plays a key role in modulating hemostasis, thrombosis, and several other biological …

Smad proteins and transforming growth factor-β signaling. It is now generally accepted that
transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has an important role in the pathogenesis of both acute …