Chapter 2, building on prior assessments1, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

The transport sector fulfils crucial economic and social functions with railways being
instrumental in the safe, efficient, and reliable movements of people to their destinations and …

Life cycle assessment (LCA) plays an increasingly important role in environmental
management, particularly in promoting energy and carbon-conscious practices across …

Deforestation, which removes soil protection by plant leafs and roots, causes severe soil
erosion, since the beneficial effects of plant cover and root actions on soil erodibility are lost …

In this chapter, we review the level of disturbance caused by railways due to noise and
vibration, air, soil and water pollution, and soil erosion. There is evidence that soil and …

Plastic materials are widely used in geotechnical engineering, especially as geosynthetics.
The use of plastic-based products involves serious environmental risks caused by their …

Hydroseeding treatments are increasingly being used as a feasible alternative for soil
erosion control after forest road construction. This study investigated the germination and …

Vegetation is an important factor impacting the hydrodynamic processes of gully beds and
further affecting the headward erosion of gullies. Gully erosion is one of the major …

Nature-based solutions provide adaptation and mitigation benefits for climate change as
well as contributing to other sustainable development goals (high confidence). Effective …