A hidden carbon cycle exists inside Earth. Every year, megatons of carbon disappear into
subduction zones, affecting atmospheric carbon dioxide and oxygen over Earth's history …

Porphyry deposits are large, low-grade metal ore bodies that are formed from hydrothermal
fluids derived from an underlying magma reservoir. They are important as major sources of …

Much of the world's economic copper resources are hosted in porphyry copper deposits
(PCDs), shallow level magmatic intrusions associated mostly with thick (> 45 km) magmatic …

Global data for measured Fe 2 O 3/FeO ratios and Cu contents in unaltered volcanic and
intrusive arc rocks indicate that, on average, they are slightly more oxidized than other …

Metals such as Cu, Mo, Au, Sn, and W in porphyry and related epithermal mineral deposits
are derived predominantly from the associated magmas, via magmatic–hydrothermal fluids …

The last 15yr have seen an explosion of data on the volatile contents of magmas parental to
arc volcanoes. This has occurred due to the intense study of melt inclusions trapped in …

Vanguard efforts in forecasting volcanic eruptions are turning to physics-based models,
which require quantitative estimates of magma conditions during pre-eruptive storage …

Arc magmas originate in subduction zones as partial melts of the mantle, induced by
aqueous fluids/melts liberated by the subducted slab. Subsequently, they rise through and …

Porphyry copper systems supply about 75% of the world's copper. They form above
subduction zones and are preferentially associated with calc-alkaline magmas,. Such …

Formation of continental crust has shaped the surface and interior of our planet and
generated the land and mineral resources on which we rely. However, how the early …