Upon receipt in the dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord, nociceptive (pain-signalling)
information from the viscera, skin and other organs is subject to extensive processing by a …

Pain is often perceived an unpleasant experience that includes sensory and
emotional/motivational responses. Accordingly, pain serves as a powerful teaching signal …

Physical exercise is a low-cost, safe, and efficient intervention for the reduction of
neuropathic chronic pain in humans. However, the underlying mechanisms for how exercise …

The ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) constitutes a major descending pain
modulatory system and is a crucial site for opioid-induced analgesia. A number of previous …

Two-or 100-Hz electrical acupoint stimulation (EAS) can induce analgesia via distinct central
mechanisms. It has long been known that the extent of EAS analgesia showed tremendous …

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a form of non-pharmacological
treatment for pain. Involvement of descending inhibitory systems is implicated in TENS …

The periaqueductal grey (PAG) area is involved in pain modulation as well as in opiate-
induced anti-nociceptive effects. The PAG possess dopamine neurons, and it is likely that …

The periaqueductal grey matter is known to play a role in cardiovascular control in animals.
Cardiovascular responses to electrical stimulation of the periventricular/periaqueductal grey …

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience. Adequate pain control is often
challenging, particularly in patients with chronic pain. Despite advances in pain …

The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a key structure involved in the supraspinal
modulation of pain. Previous studies have reported the association of gut inflammation …