Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are incredible macromolecular machines that
produce a wide range of biologically-and therapeutically-relevant molecules. During …

Natural products biosynthesized wholly or in part by nonribosomal peptide synthetases
(NRPSs) are some of the most important drugs currently used clinically for the treatment of a …

Lipopeptide biosurfactants (LPBSs) consist of a hydrophobic fatty acid portion linked to a
hydrophilic peptide chain in the molecule. With their complex and diverse structures, LPBSs …

This review covers peptide structures originating from the concerted action of enzyme
systems without the direct participation of nucleic acids. Biosynthesis proceeds by formation …

In present times, the immunosuppressants have gained considerable importance in the
world market. Cyclosporin A (CyA) is a cyclic undecapeptide with a variety of biological …

The biosynthesis of peptides proceeds either on the complex ribosomal machinery involving
various RNA molecules, or in a RNA-independent fashion on protein templates called …

The first 6 residues of the biosurfactant lipopeptidolactone arthrofactin have the D
configuration, yet none of the 11 modules of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase assembly …

Product assembly by nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) is initiated by starter
modules that comprise an adenylation (A) and a peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) domain …

Filamentous fungi are one of the most important producers of secondary metabolites. Some
of them can have a toxic effect on the human body, leading to diseases. On the other hand …

Depsipeptides are compounds that contain both ester bonds and amide bonds. Important
natural product depsipeptides include the piscicide antimycin, the K+ ionophores cereulide …