Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. PD
patients exhibit motor symptoms such as akinesia/bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural …

Ketamine, a non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, displays
a fast antidepressant activity in treatment-resistant depression and in rodent models of …

Astroglial cells were long considered as structural and metabolic supporting cells are which
do not directly participate in information processing in the brain. Discoveries of …

Hypothalamic feeding circuits have been identified as having innate synaptic plasticity,
mediating adaption to the changing metabolic milieu by controlling responses to feeding …

Continuous cerebral blood flow is essential for neuronal survival, but whether vascular tone
influences resting neuronal function is not known. Using a multidisciplinary approach in both …

Astrocyte-mediated inflammation is associated with degenerative pathologies such as
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and multiple sclerosis. The acute inflammation and …

Astroglia are the homoeostatic cells of the central nervous system that control a normal
function of synaptically connected neuronal networks and contribute to brain defense …

Abstract Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a member of the secreted lipocalin protein family. LCN2 is
also a representative gliocalin that is primarily released by glial cells, as well as acts upon …

Mood disorders have multiple phenotypes and complex underlying biological mechanisms
and, as such, there are no effective therapeutic strategies. A review of recent work on the …

Background and Purpose—Nuclear erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an astrocyte-
enriched transcription factor that has previously been shown to upregulate cellular …