The gut microbiome is critical in providing resistance against colonization by exogenous
microorganisms. The mechanisms via which the gut microbiota provide colonization …

Shigella sonnei is the emerging pathogen globally, as it is the second common infectious
species of shigellosis (bloody diarrhoea) in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) and …

Abstract The Type III Secretion System (T3SS) is a multi-mega Dalton apparatus assembled
from more than twenty components and is found in many species of animal and plant …

Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) afford Gram‐negative bacteria an intimate means of
altering the biology of their eukaryotic hosts—the direct delivery of effector proteins from the …

Bacterial pathogens have coevolved with humans in order to efficiently infect, replicate
within, and be transmitted to new hosts to ensure survival and a continual infection cycle. For …

Delivery of bacterial proteins into mammalian cells by type III secretion systems (TTSS) is
thought to require the intimate association of bacteria with target cells. The molecular bases …

Gram-negative bacteria express a wide variety of organelles on their cell surface. These
surface structures may be the end products of secretion systems, such as the hair-like fibers …

Shigella is a Gram-negative bacterium that is responsible for shigellosis. Over the years, the
study of Shigella has provided a greater understanding of how the host responds to bacterial …

Shigella comprises four species of human-restricted pathogens causing bacillary dysentery.
While Shigella possesses multiple genetic loci contributing to virulence, a type III secretion …

Many plant and animal bacterial pathogens assemble a needle-like nanomachine, the type
III secretion system (T3SS), to inject virulence proteins directly into eukaryotic cells to initiate …