The aim of this paper is to present the current status of the offshore wind industry and to
identify trends in Offshore Wind Projects (OWPs). This was accomplished via a thorough …

The goal of this paper is to review, systematize and critically discuss the approaches that
have been proposed so far for grid transmission expansion in HVDC systems. In particular …

Lesnicar and Marquardt introduced a modular multilevel converter (MMC) topology back in
2003. Although this topology has received a great deal of attention in recent years by both …

For achieving the European renewable electricity targets, a significant contribution is
foreseen to come from offshore wind energy. Considering the large scale of the future …

This paper proposes a post-fault control technique for H-bridge multilevel modular
converters (MMC), which in combination with a restoration framework, can achieve fast …

This paper proposes a framework to achieve dc fault ride-through capability in multi-terminal
dc networks (MTdc), when H-bridge multilevel modular converters (MMC) are used. The …

The cost of offshore wind energy has not yet reached competitive levels despite the recent
technological improvements. Optimization tools designed to reduce the overall losses in …

The development of multi-terminal dc (MTdc) networks will be of extreme importance to
allow further penetration of power electronic converters to serve dc loads in low (LVdc) …

This paper introduces the new concept of DC Independent System Operator, DC-ISO. The
DC-ISO will be responsible for ensuring the reliability and security of the MTDC system in …

Multi-terminal high voltage DC (MTDC) network is an effective technology to integrate large-
scale offshore wind energy sources into conventional AC grids and improve the stability and …