Full electrification of building energy systems makes that the electricity-driven heat pump
and solar heat become the most promising heating sources for hot water production in the …

The objective of this paper is to implement an automated system for the control of all energy
resources and devices within smart buildings. The paper develops a Two-Layer Electric …

This work deals with the problem of lacking heating system flexibility that reduces the energy
efficiency of the whole heat distribution network and increases its operating costs. Therefore …

Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) units are extensively operated in China due to their wide fuel
adaptability, low emissions and high combustion efficiency. Nevertheless, CFB units are …

The continuous stirred-tank reactors have complex dynamic behavior. In the reactor, the
residual concentration decreases during an exothermic chemical reaction. In this transition …

Tankless gas water heaters are known for their efficient energy consumption, as they only
heat water on demand, resulting in reduced energy usage compared to traditional storage …

In recent years, due to high electricity prices in South Asian countries, natural gas-based
tankless water heaters (instant geysers) have been widely installed for sustainable …

Conventional control strategies usually employed in tankless gas water heaters present
difficulty in controlling the hot water temperature when subjected to sudden changes in …

Water heating is a significant part of households' energy consumption, and tankless gas
water heaters (TGWHs) are commonly used. One of the limitations of these devices is the …

The paper proposes a methodology for creating a dynamic model of a flow heater with time-
varying flow rate and heat transfer coefficient. The first-order hyperbolic equation is used as …