Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are
nanosized membrane vesicles derived from most cell types. Carrying diverse biomolecules …

Stem cells can be used for regenerative medicine and as treatments for disease. The
application of tissue engineering-related transplantation, stem cells, and local changes in …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are isolated from multiple biological tissues—adult bone
marrow and adipose tissues and neonatal tissues such as umbilical cord and placenta. In …

The goal of a biomaterial is to support the bone tissue regeneration process at the defect site
and eventually degrade in situ and get replaced with the newly generated bone tissue …

Adipose tissue is now on the top one of stem cell sources regarding its accessibility,
abundance, and less painful collection procedure when compared to other sources. The …

The unique immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make them
an invaluable cell type for the repair of tissue/organ damage caused by chronic inflammation …

Extracellular vesicles are membranous particles, ranging from 30 nm to 10 µm in diameter,
which are released by nearly all cell types to aid in intercellular communication. These …

Tumour progression is dependent on the interaction between tumour cells and cells of the
surrounding microenvironment. The tumour is a dynamic milieu consisting of various cell …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder commonly encountered in clinical
practice, and is the leading cause of disability in elderly people. Due to the poor self-healing …

Objective To systematically review the procedure, applications, and outcomes of autologous
fat grafting, a promising technique with various clinical applications. Patients and methods …