A hallmark of retroviral replication is establishment of the proviral state, wherein a DNA copy
of the viral RNA genome is stably incorporated into a host cell chromosome. Integrase is the …

The integration of a DNA copy of the viral RNA genome into host chromatin is the defining
step of retroviral replication. This enzymatic process is catalyzed by the virus-encoded …

Since the emergence of HIV and AIDS in the early 1980s, the development of safe and
effective therapies has accompanied a massive increase in our understanding of the …

While an essential role of HIV-1 integrase (IN) for integration of viral cDNA into human
chromosome is established, studies with IN mutants and allosteric IN inhibitors (ALLINIs) …

The HIV genome encodes a small number of viral proteins (ie, 16), invariably establishing
cooperative associations among HIV proteins and between HIV and host proteins, to invade …

HIV virion assembly begins with the construction of an immature lattice consisting of Gag
hexamers. Upon virion release, protease-mediated Gag cleavage leads to a maturation …

Nuclear import and uncoating of the viral capsid are critical steps in the HIV-1 life cycle that
serve to transport and release genomic material into the nucleus. Viral core import involves …

During retrovirus maturation, cleavage of the precursor structural Gag polyprotein by the
viral protease induces architectural rearrangement of the virus particle from an immature into …

Integration of viral DNA into the host genome is a central event in the replication cycle and
the pathogenesis of retroviruses, including HIV. Although most cells infected with HIV are …

Integration is central to HIV-1 replication and helps mold the reservoir of cells that persists in
AIDS patients. HIV-1 interacts with specific cellular factors to target integration to interior …