No region of our anatomy more powerfully conveys our emotions nor elicits more profound
reactions when disease or genetic disorders disfigure it than the face. Recent progress has …

In vertebrate hedgehog signaling, hedgehog ligands are processed to become bilipidated
and then multimerize, which allows them to leave the signaling cell via Dispatched 1 and …

Solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome (SMMCI) is a complex disorder
consisting of multiple, mainly midline defects of development resulting from unknown factor …

The faces of birds and mammals exhibit remarkable morphologic diversity, but how variation
arises is not well-understood. We have previously demonstrated that a region of facial …

BACKGROUND: In humans, fetal ethanol exposure can cause holoprosencephaly (HPE),
one of the most common birth defects that is characterized by brain, facial, and oral …

In the past, most scientists conducted their inquiries of nature via inductivism, the patient
accumulation of “pieces of information” in the pious hope that the sum of the parts would …

Mutations within either the SHH gene or its related pathway components are the most
common, and best understood, pathogenetic changes observed in holoprosencephaly …

Mutations of the developmental gene Sonic hedgehog (SHH) and alterations of SHH
signaling have been associated with holoprosencephaly (HPE), a rare disorder …

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the most common structural malformation of the forebrain and
face in humans. Our current understanding of the pathogenesis of HPE attempts to integrate …

This study aimed to identify the genetic cause of one Chinese family with solitary median
maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) and explore the relationship between genotype and its …