Teleost fish possess an adaptive immune system associated with each of their mucosal
body surfaces. Evidence obtained from mucosal vaccination and mucosal infection studies …

The major hindrance in the development and sustainability of aquaculture industry is the
occurrence of various diseases in the farming systems. Today, preventive and management …

Receptors that recognize conserved pathogen molecules are the first line of cellular innate
immunity defense. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the best understood of the innate immune …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize the conserved molecular structure of
pathogens and trigger the signaling pathways that activate immune cells in response to …

Interferons (IFNs) are the hallmark of the vertebrate antiviral system. Two of the three IFN
families identified in higher vertebrates are now known to be important for antiviral defence …

The innate immune system constitutes an efficient defense against invading microbial
pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) eventually alert vertebrates about the presence of …

Interferons (IFN s) have been reported in vertebrates from fish to mammals. To date, two
types of IFN s, ie type I and type II IFN s have been reported in a range of fish species in …

Toll like receptors (TLRs) are present in many different fish families from several different
orders, including cyprinid, salmonid, perciform, pleuronectiform and gadiform …

A comprehensive survey of channel catfish Toll-like receptors (TLRs) was undertaken
following a genomic PCR approach based on degenerate primers. Twenty different TLRs …

Teleost fish represent a transition point on the phylogenetic spectrum between invertebrates
that depend only on innate immunity and mammals that heavily depend on adaptive …