While human regulatory risk assessment (RA) still largely relies on animal studies, new
approach methodologies (NAMs) based on in vitro, in silico or non-mammalian alternative …

Safety sciences must cope with uncertainty of models and results as well as information
gaps. Acknowledging this uncertainty necessitates embracing probabilities and accepting …

The long-term investment in new approach methodologies (NAMs) within the EU and other
parts of the world is beginning to result in an emerging consensus of how to use information …

While whole animal studies have their place in risk assessment of food and feed
components, it is thought that more modern approaches such as human focused new …

The rapid progress of AI impacts diverse scientific disciplines, including toxicology, and has
the potential to transform chemical safety evaluation. Toxicology has evolved from an …

Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) is a major safety concern for all chemicals of the human
exposome. However, DNT data from animal studies are available for only a small …

Animal studies are a critical component in biomedical research, pharmaceutical product
development, and regulatory submissions. There is a worldwide effort in toxicology toward …

Carcinogenicity testing plays an essential role in identifying carcinogens in environmental
chemistry and drug development. However, it is a time-consuming and label-intensive …

In silico tools and resources are now used commonly in toxicology and to support the “Next
Generation Risk Assessment”(NGRA) of cosmetics ingredients or materials. This review …

The rapid progress of AI impacts various areas of life, including toxicology, and promises a
major role for AI in future risk assessments. Toxicology has shifted from a purely empirical …