Synapses, the fundamental unit in neuronal circuits, are critical for learning and memory,
perception, thinking, and reaction. The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a synapse formed …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family members, which include TGF-βs, activins and
bone morphogenetic proteins, are pleiotropic cytokines that elicit cell type-specific effects in …

Muscle atrophy and functional decline (sarcopenia) are common manifestations of frailty and
are critical contributors to morbidity and mortality in older people. Deciphering the molecular …

Cell-cell communication systems typically comprise families of ligand and receptor variants
that function together in combinations. Pathway activation depends on the complex way in …

Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily signaling via their cognate receptors is
frequently modified by TGF‐β superfamily co‐receptors. Signaling through SMAD‐mediated …

Abstract The Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are the largest class signaling molecules
within the greater Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) family, and are responsible for a …

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) belong to the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β)
family. Initially identified due to their ability to induce bone formation, they are now known to …

Skeletal muscle myoblasts (iMyoblasts) were generated from human induced pluripotent
stem cells (iPSCs) using an efficient and reliable transgene-free induction and stem cell …

Signal transduction at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is affected in many human
diseases, including congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS), myasthenia gravis, Lambert …

The receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK (muscle-specific kinase) is the key signaling molecule
during the formation of a mature and functional neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Signal …