The role of stromal cells and the tumour microenvironment in general in modulating tumour
sensitivity is increasingly becoming a key consideration for the development of active …

The most common human cancers—lung, breast and prostate—have a great avidity for
bone, leading to painful and untreatable consequences. What makes some cancers, but not …

Metabolic reprogramming is a malignant phenotype of cancer. Cancer cells utilize glycolysis
to fuel rapid proliferation even in the presence of oxygen, and elevated glycolysis is coupled …

Publisher Summary The bisphosphonates are a class of drugs developed over the past
three decades for use in various diseases of bone, tooth, and calcium metabolism …

Breast cancer frequently metastasizes to the skeleton, and the associated bone destruction
is mediated by the osteoclast. Growth factors, including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) …

Breast cancer almost invariably metastasizes to bone in patients with advanced disease and
causes local osteolysis. Much of the morbidity of advanced breast cancer is a consequence …

Solid cancers metastasize to bone by a multistep process that involves interactions between
tumor cells and normal host cells. Some tumors, most notably breast and prostate …

Bisphosphonates are well-known inhibitors of osteoclastic bone resorption, but recent
clinical reports support the possibility of direct or indirect antitumor effects by these …

Background Bisphosphonates are effective against the increased bone resorption caused
by certain diseases because they inhibit the activity of osteoclasts. In patients who have …

Currently used rodent tumor models, including transgenictumor models, or subcutaneously-
growing human tumors inimmunodeficient mice, do not sufficiently represent clinicalcancer …