Postnatal growth and development of the human body and its specific organs are regulated
by a complex network of local and systemic factors which is poorly understood. This review …

The glycoprotein hormone erythropoietin is an essential viability and growth factor for the
erythrocytic progenitors in the bone marrow. Tissue hypoxia is the main stimulus for the …

The fight against doping in sport as we know it today commenced by the creation of the
International Olympic Committee (IOC) Medical Commission in 1961 following the death of a …

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Our previous research developed two statistical models
that are useful indicators of current (ON-model) or recently discontinued (OFF-model) …

The influence of training and competition workloads is crucial for evaluation of longitudinal
haematological data in athletes. There are only a few papers on the variation of …

Abstract The International Olympic Committee (IOC) published the first list of doping classes
in 1967. Since that time, there have been significant problems associated with doping …

The athlete biological passport (ABP) was implemented by the International Cycling Union
(UCI) in 2008. However, this improvement in the fight against doping was preceded with …

The benefits of increased red cell mass to endurance performance have been well
documented [6, 9, 11, 27, 30]. Even in highly trained athletes there is no doubt that aerobic …

The major function of the erythrocyte is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the other
tissues, a function ensured by the glycoprotein hormone erythropoietin which couples red …

Urine samples have been the predominant matrix for doping controls for several decades.
However, owing to the complementary information provided by blood (as well as serum or …