Calcium (Ca2+) functions as a second messenger that is critical in regulating fundamental
physiological functions such as cell growth/development, cell survival, neuronal …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent joint disease that causes substantial disability, yet
effective approaches to disease prevention or to the delay of OA progression are lacking …

Introductions Excessive mechanical stress is closely associated with cell death in various
conditions. Exposure of chondrocytes to excessive mechanical loading leads to a catabolic …

Osteoarthritis refers to a degenerative disease with joint pain as the main symptom, and it is
caused by various factors, including fibrosis, chapping, ulcers, and loss of articular cartilage …

Autophagy, as a fundamental mechanism for cellular homeostasis, is generally involved in
the occurrence and progression of various diseases. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common …

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease frequently diagnosed in the
elderly and middle-aged population. However, its specific pathogenesis has not been …

Autophagy plays a vital role in sustaining cellular homeostasis and its alterations have been
implicated in the etiology of many diseases. Drugs development targeting autophagy began …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating joint disorder that affects millions of people worldwide.
Despite its prevalence, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease of the whole joint that has a complex
pathogenesis. There is currently no cure for OA. Tofacitinib is a broad JAK inhibitor that can …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent chronic joint disease with an immense
socioeconomic burden; however, no treatment has achieved complete success in effectively …