Importance The prevalence of and mortality associated with methamphetamine use has
doubled during the past 10 years. There is evidence suggesting that methamphetamine use …

Conspectus Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the “gatekeepers” of the immune system in
humans and other animals to protect the host from invading bacteria, viruses, and other …

Drug addiction is a chronic and debilitating disease that is considered a global health
problem. Various cell types in the brain are involved in the progression of drug addiction …

Depression is one of the most prevalent, disabling, and costly mental illnesses currently
affecting over 300 million people worldwide. A subset of depressed patients display …

Recent studies examining the neurobiology of substance abuse have revealed a significant
role of neuroimmune signaling as a mechanism through which drugs of abuse induce …

Methamphetamine (METH), an illicit psycho-stimulant, is widely known as an addictive drug
that may cause neurotoxic effects. Previous researches on METH abuse have mainly …

One of the key scientific aspects of small-molecule drug discovery and development is the
analysis of the relationship between its chemical structure and biological activity …

Objective and design Microglia stimulated by oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) were
treated with quercetin to investigate the effect on oxidative stress and the inflammatory …

Biased pharmacological modulators provide potential therapeutic benefits, including greater
pharmacodynamic specificity, increased efficiency and reduced adverse effects. Therefore …

Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant that causes significant
health issues due to high prevalence of its illegal use. Chronic use of METH is associated …