Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell types in the brain, provide metabolic and trophic
support to neurons and modulate synaptic activity. Accordingly, impairment in these …

A strong glial reaction typically surrounds the affected upper and lower motor neurons and
degenerating descending tracts of ALS patients. Reactive astrocytes in ALS contain protein …

Object. Persistent activation of voltage-sensitive Na+ channels is associated with cellular
toxicity and may contribute to the degeneration of neural tissue following traumatic brain and …

Oxidative stress mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and its toxic metabolite peroxynitrite has
previously been associated with motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis …

The neuroprotective agent riluzole is used for the symptomatic treatment of motoneuron
disease, which strongly affects the brainstem nucleus hypoglossus. The mechanism of …

At focal CNS injury sites, several cytokines accumulate, including ciliary neurotrophic factor
(CNTF) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Additionally, the CNTF alpha receptor is induced on …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disorder characterized by the progressive loss
of motor neurons. Although the molecular mechanism underlying motor neuron …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of
motor neurons in the spinal cord, brain stem, and motor cortex. The molecular mechanism …

Drugs which upregulate astrocyte glutamate transport may be useful neuroprotective
compounds by preventing excitotoxicity. We set up a new system to identify potential …

Riluzole is an antiexcitotoxic agent used for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,
and reported to have neuroprotective effects in animal models of Parkinson's disease …