Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cells in tumors that are characterized by self-
renewal and continuous proliferation, lead to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and maintain tumor …

Wnt signaling is a highly conserved signaling pathway that plays a critical role in controlling
embryonic and organ development, as well as cancer progression. Genome-wide …

Prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) play a critical role in prostate cancer progression and
metastasis, which remains an obstacle for successful prostate cancer treatment. Tumor …

Currently, resistance to trastuzumab, a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)
inhibitor, has become an important obstacle to improving the clinical outcome of patients …

Background Resistance to trastuzumab has become a leading cause of mortality in breast
cancer patients and is one of the major obstacles for improving the clinical outcome. Cell …

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette efflux transporter G2 (ABCG2) was
originally discovered in a multidrug-resistant breast cancer cell line. Studies in the past have …

Abstract Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine kinase that participates
in an array of critical cellular processes. GSK-3 was first characterized as an enzyme that …

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of endogenous RNAs, have emerged as an enigmatic
class of genes. However, little is known about their value in the progression and …

Currently, resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as erlotinib, has become a major
obstacle for improving the clinical outcome of patients with metastatic and advanced‑stage …

Currently, resistance to trastuzumab, a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)
inhibitor, has become one major obstacle for improving the clinical outcome of patients with …