Objective: This study aims to summarize the evidence concerning the barriers that exist to
the career progression of women in surgery and to provide potential solutions to overcome …

Background A dramatic transformation of cardiothoracic surgical education has evolved over
the past few decades. Methods We begin by presenting recognized catalysts of this change …

Background The cardiothoracic surgical workforce is changing. Although 5% of practicing
surgeons are women, 20% of current cardiothoracic surgery residents are women. The …

Background While women comprise nearly half of medical school graduates, they remain
underrepresented in cardiothoracic (CT) surgery. To better understand ongoing barriers, we …

Objectives Although the importance of mentorship in training the next generation of
cardiothoracic surgeons is widely recognized, the current state of mentorship remains …

Background In recent years, general surgery and surgical subspecialty residency interests
have remained somewhat static among medical students, casting some doubt on …

BACKGROUND: Surveys are important research tools that permit the accumulation of
information from large samples that would otherwise be impractical to collect. Resident …

Background Integrated cardiothoracic surgery residencies began 2006 to address workforce
shortages in cardiothoracic surgery. As more attention has been given to racial and gender …

Background Recruiting and promoting women and racial/ethnic minorities could help
enhance diversity and inclusion in the academic cardiothoracic (CT) surgery workforce …

BACKGROUND: There has been much focus on factors influencing medical students' career
choice, prompted by such concerns as a sufficient future surgical workforce, declining …