Context is widely regarded as a major determinant of learning and memory across
numerous domains, including classical and instrumental conditioning, episodic memory …

Neuroscience research is undergoing a minor revolution. Recent advances in machine
learning and artificial intelligence research have opened up new ways of thinking about …

Artificial neural networks are known to suffer from catastrophic forgetting: when learning
multiple tasks sequentially, they perform well on the most recent task at the expense of …

Cognitive flexibility is a fundamental ability that enables humans and animals to exhibit
appropriate behaviors in various contexts. The thalamocortical interactions between the …

Biological brains possess an unparalleled ability to adapt behavioral responses to changing
stimuli and environments. How neural processes enable this capacity is a fundamental open …

Interactions across frontal cortex are critical for cognition. Animal studies suggest a role for
mediodorsal thalamus (MD) in these interactions, but the computations performed and direct …

Many skills in our everyday lives are learned by sequencing actions towards a desired goal.
The action sequence can become a chunk when individual actions are grouped together …

Humans and non-human animals show great flexibility in spatial navigation, including the
ability to return to specific locations based on as few as one single experience. To study …

Active reinforcement learning enables dynamic prediction and control, where one should not
only maximize rewards but also minimize costs such as of inference, decisions, actions, and …

To adapt to a changing world, we must be able to switch between rules already learned and,
at other times, learn rules anew. Often we must do both at the same time, switching between …