Understanding the influence of solar variability on the Earth's climate requires knowledge of
solar variability, solar‐terrestrial interactions, and the mechanisms determining the response …

This manuscript gives an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the effects of energetic
particle precipitation (EPP) onto the whole atmosphere, from the lower thermosphere …

This paper describes the recommended solar forcing dataset for CMIP6 and highlights
changes with respect to CMIP5. The solar forcing is provided for radiative properties, namely …

Low-mass stars show evidence of vigorous magnetic activity in the form of large flares and
coronal mass ejections. Such space weather events may have important ramifications for the …

MIPAS, the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding, is a mid-infrared
emission spectrometer which is part of the core payload of ENVISAT. It is a limb sounder, ie …

The new Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) describes atmospheric chemistry and
meteorological processes in a modular framework, following strict coding standards. It has …

Precipitation of energetic particles into the atmosphere greatly disturbs the chemical
composition from the upper stratosphere to the lower thermosphere. Most important are …

The literature relevant to how solar variability influences climate is vast—but much has been
based on inadequate statistics and non-robust procedures. The common pitfalls are outlined …

We evaluate the influence of the galactic cosmic rays (GCR), solar proton events (SPE), and
energetic electron precipitation (EEP) on chemical composition of the atmosphere …

Measurements from several different satellite instruments are used to estimate effects of
energetic particle precipitation (EPP) on NOx (NO+ NO2) in the Southern Hemisphere …