Background Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) plays a key role in activation of cellular immunity and
subsequently, stimulation of antitumor immune-response. Based on its cytostatic, pro …

The development of neoplasia involves a complex and continuous interplay between
malignantly transformed cells and the tumour microenvironment (TME). Cancer …

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against tumors are maintained by stem-like
memory cells that self-renew but also give rise to effector-like cells. The latter gradually lose …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) characterized by the expression of the master transcription factor
forkhead box protein p3 (Foxp3) suppress anticancer immunity, thereby hindering protective …

Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are essential for immune tolerance, but also drive
immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment. Therapeutic targeting of Treg cells in …

Cancer immunotherapy is an innovative treatment for tumors today. In various experiments
and clinical studies, it has been found that immunotherapy does have incomparable …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall and the primary
underlying cause of cardiovascular disease. Data from in vivo imaging, cell-lineage tracing …

Background and Aims Recently, clinical trials of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab in HCC have
displayed an impressive objective response rate. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism …

Naturally occurring CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), which specifically express the
transcription factor FoxP3 in the nucleus and CD25 and CTLA-4 on the cell surface, are a …

Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have failed in all phase III glioblastoma (GBM) trials.
Here, we show that regulatory T (Treg) cells play a key role in GBM resistance to ICBs in …