Copper is an essential nutrient for plants, animals, and humans because it is an
indispensable component of several essential proteins and either lack or excess are harmful …

Apple is a globally important tree fruit. In the United Kingdom (UK) and mainland Europe,
there is ongoing consumer and environmental concern regarding over-reliance on …

For two consecutive growing seasons (2017 and 2018), three different fungicide spray
programs, each with five sprays from unrelated chemical groups, were evaluated for their …

The evolution of IPM was followed multiple ways around the world and reached beyond the
confines of the plant protection science. Excessive use of chemicals in disease and pest …

Among the common fungal diseases, apple scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Wint., is the
most devastating important disease of cultivated apple (Malus× domestica), causing …

A two-year study was conducted to determine the effect of six sanitation treatments on leaf
litter density (LLD), relative ascospore production of Venturia inaequalis and scab incidence …

In this study, we analyzed the patterns of relationships between multiple ecosystem services
in apple orchards by considering the cascade that links agricultural practices to ecosystem …

Many pesticides are used very effectively against fungal diseases in crop protection.
However, the widespread use of synthetic pesticides in conventional fruit production clearly …

Apple production in the Fes-Meknes region of Morocco is highly affected by pests and
adverse weather conditions. A survey of apple farmers' knowledge, perceptions and …

In the high altitude regions of Africa, coffee berry disease (CBD), caused by Colletotrichum
kahawae, is the main constraint for arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) production. However …