Bone defects combined with tumors, infections, or other bone diseases are challenging in
clinical practice. Autologous and allogeneic grafts are two main traditional remedies, but …

Poor wound healing after diabetes mellitus remains a challenging problem, and its
pathophysiological mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Persistent bleeding …

Current clinical approaches to osteoporosis primarily target osteoclast biology, overlooking
the synergistic role of bone cells, immune cells, cytokines, and inorganic components in …

Bone defects are encountered substantially in clinical practice, and bionic scaffolds
represent a promising solution for repairing bone defects. However, it is difficult to fabricate …

Osteomyelitis is a complex disease in orthopedics mainly caused by bacterial pathogens
invading bone or bone marrow. The treatment of osteomyelitis is highly difficult and it is a …

Irregular defects generated by trauma or surgery in orthopaedics practice were usually
difficult to be fitted by the preformed traditional bone graft substitute. Therefore, the injectable …

With the increasing and aging of global population, there is a dramatic rise in the demand for
implants or substitutes to rehabilitate bone-related disorders which can considerably …

Impaired bone healing occurs in 5–10% of cases following injury, leading to a significant
economic and clinical impact. While an inflammatory response upon injury is necessary to …

Bone injuries and diseases constitute a burden both socially and economically, as the
consequences of a lack of effective treatments affect both the patients' quality of life and the …

In clinical terms, bone grafting currently involves the application of autogenous, allogeneic,
or xenogeneic bone grafts, as well as natural or artificially synthesized materials, such as …