The initiation of osteogenesis primarily occurs as mesenchymal stem cells undergo
differentiation into osteoblasts. This differentiation process plays a crucial role in bone …

The immune and skeletal systems share a variety of molecules, including cytokines,
chemokines, hormones, receptors, and transcription factors. Bone cells interact with immune …

Despite the substantial role that chickens have played in human societies across the world,
both the geographic and temporal origins of their domestication remain controversial. To …

We review the characteristics of osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix synthesis. Bone in
air breathing vertebrates is a specialized tissue that developmentally replaces simpler solid …

The skeleton is an exquisitely sensitive and archetypal T3-target tissue that demonstrates
the critical role for thyroid hormones during development, linear growth, and adult bone …

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by decreased mass and compromised
bone strength predisposing to an increased risk of fractures. Although idiopathic …

Thyroid hormones are essential for normal skeletal development and normal bone
metabolism in adults but can have detrimental effects on bone structures in states of thyroid …

Importance Associations between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and fractures are unclear
and clinical trials are lacking. Objective To assess the association of subclinical thyroid …

Coexposure of MPs and other contaminants adsorbed from the environment has raised
many attentions, but the understanding of the combined effects of MPs and plastic additives …

Subclinical thyroid disease (SCTD) is defined as serum free T4 and free T3 levels within
their respective reference ranges in the presence of abnormal serum TSH levels. SCTD is …