Natural biological materials exhibit remarkable properties: self-assembly from simple raw
materials, precise control of morphology, diverse physical and chemical properties, self …

The flagellum and the injectisome are two of the most complex and fascinating bacterial
nanomachines. At their core, they share a type III secretion system (T3SS), a transmembrane …

Gram-negative bacteria are attractive hosts for recombinant protein production because they
are fast growing, easy to manipulate, and genetically stable in large cultures. However, the …

Spider dragline silk is a remarkable fiber made of unique proteins—spidroins—secreted and
stored as a concentrated aqueous dope in the major ampullate gland of spiders. This feat …

Natural biopolymers have a rich history, with many uses across the fields of healthcare and
medicine, including formulations for wound dressings, surgical implants, tissue culture …

The ability to stably and specifically conjugate recombinant proteins to one another is a
powerful approach for engineering multifunctional enzymes, protein therapeutics, and novel …

Bacteria have evolved a diverse range of secretion systems to export different substrates
across their cell envelope. Although secretion of proteins into the extracellular space could …

Spider dragline silk exhibits excellent mechanical properties that make it a promising protein
polymer for industrial and biomedical applications. Since farming spiders is not feasible due …

Biologically derived materials have numerous applications in biomedical fields and beyond.
Yet, the properties of these materials are difficult to alter because the natural biosynthetic …

The bacterial extracellular matrix forms autonomously, giving rise to complex material
properties and multicellular behaviors. Synthetic matrix analogues can replicate these …