The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves several essential cellular functions including protein
synthesis, protein folding, protein translocation, calcium homoeostasis and lipid …

Abstract p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (P38α and β) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases
(JNK1, 2, and 3) are key mediators of the cellular stress response. However, prolonged P38 …

Background—Thioredoxin 2 (Trx2) is a key mitochondrial protein that regulates cellular
redox and survival by suppressing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and by …

Metabolic activation and oxidant stress are key events in the pathophysiology of
acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity. The initial mitochondrial oxidative stress triggered by …

Background MicroRNAs play important roles in regulation of the cardiovascular system. The
purpose of this study was to investigate microRNA-320 (miR-320) expression in myocardial …

Immune abnormality involves in various diseases, such as infection, allergic diseases,
autoimmune diseases, as well as transplantation. Several signal pathways have been …

Patients with myocardial ischemic diseases or who are undergoing one of various heart
treatments, such as open heart surgery, coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous …

Stress-induced activation of p38 MAPK and JNK signaling is a feature of both acute and
chronic kidney disease and is associated with disease progression. Inhibitors of p38 MAPK …

Renal fibrosis is the common pathological pathway in progressive renal diseases. In the
present study, we analyzed the roles of semaphorin 3 A (SEMA3A) on renal fibrosis and the …

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury is the main cause of increased mortality and
disability in cardiovascular diseases. The injury involves many pathological processes, such …