Background: This guideline addresses the diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). It
represents a collaborative effort among the American Thoracic Society, Japanese …

Rationale: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease (ILD)
characterized by inflammation and/or fibrosis in response to an inhalational exposure …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disease with an unmet need
of biomarkers that can aid in the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of the disease and …

Introduction Inflammation appears early in cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogenesis, with specific
elevated inflammatory markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) correlating with …

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) represents the pathologic end stage of several interstitial lung
diseases (ILDs) associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. However, current …

Increased levels of interleukin 27 in patients with early clinical stages of non–small cell lung
cancer Page 1 105 ORIGINAL ARTICLE IL-27 in the lower airways of patients with ILD and …

IntroductIon Myeloid‑derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have the potent ability to suppress T‑
cell function, and are important in the regulation of chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis …

Background: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease.
There is no effective treatment for PF. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has anti-inflammatory …

Much of the research into the pathogenesis of fibrosis in the past few decades has focused
on the function of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. While these mesenchymal cell populations …

Materials and Methods. We enrolled 13 patients aged 66 [Q1-Q3, 60-70] years with severe
isolated AS without diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and atrial fibrillation. Nine apparently …