This article provides a comprehensive review of divergent conceptualizations of the “implicit”
construct that have emerged in attitude research over the past two decades. In doing so, our …

Based on 660 effect sizes obtained from 23,255 adult participants across 51 reports of
experimental studies, this meta-analysis investigates whether and when explicit (self …

Associative accounts suggest that implicit (indirectly measured) evaluations are sensitive
primarily to co-occurrence information (eg, pairings of gorges with positive experiences) and …

Explicit (directly measured) evaluations of moral agents reflect both the externally
observable consequences of actions and inferences about the agent's hidden mental states …

Imagine that you learn that a co-worker of yours recently rear-ended a car. How do you
update your impression of this person? Does it make a difference whether you observe the …

Philosophers are divided over whether implicit biases are beliefs. Critics of the belief model
of implicit bias argue that empirical data show that implicit biases are habitual but unstable …

Cognitive jurisprudence research that has used indirect measures has mostly focused on
how people's implicit biases (eg, race) predict people's verdicts for an individual belonging …

Following decades of experimental investigations involving individual participants, large-
scale open data and computational advances newly enable the study of how social attitudes …

Two studies examined whether the attributional framing of negative events affected explicit
evaluations, as measured by differences in liking, and implicit evaluations, as measured by …

Research has shown that visual diagrams facilitate people's understanding of and
communication about abstract relations. In addition, the distinction between causal versus …