A fundamental concept in immunology is that the innate immune system initiates or instructs
downstream adaptive immune responses. Inflammasomes are central players in innate …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent and versatile antigen-presenting cells, and their ability to
migrate is key for the initiation of protective pro-inflammatory as well as tolerogenic immune …

Nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) regulates the secretion of
proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-18. We previously showed that …

Dying cells have an important role in the initiation of CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity. The
cross-presentation of antigens derived from dying cells enables dendritic cells to present …

The three-signal paradigm tries to capture how the innate immune system instructs adaptive
immune responses in three well-defined actions:(1) presentation of antigenic peptides in the …

The integration of research from developmental biology and ecology into evolutionary theory
has given rise to a relatively new field, ecological evolutionary developmental biology (Eco …

Influenza virus is a significant pathogen in humans and animals with the ability to cause
extensive morbidity and mortality. Exuberant immune responses induced following infection …

Lymphatic vessels collect interstitial fluid that has extravasated from blood vessels and
return it to the circulatory system. Another important function of the lymphatic network is to …

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a subset of CD4+ T cells that promote antibody production
during vaccination. Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) efficiently prime Tfh cells; however …

Interleukin-1 is a cytokine with potent inflammatory and immune-amplifying effects, mainly
produced by macrophages during defensive reactions. In mammals, IL-1 is a superfamily of …