Advances in fiber optic technology and miniaturized optics and mechanics have propelled
confocal endomicroscopy into the clinical realm. This high resolution, non-invasive imaging …

OBJECTIVES.: We explore the clinical potential of reflectance and fluorescence confocal
microscopy to image the morphologic and biochemical changes associated with precancer …

Since its inception, endoscopy has aimed to establish an immediate diagnosis that is
virtually consistent with a histologic diagnosis. In the past decade, confocal laser scanning …

We present a single fiber reflectance confocal microscope with a two dimensional MEMS
gimbaled scanner. Achieved lateral and axial resolutions are 0.82 μm and 13 μm …

We review integrated optical sensors for functional brain imaging, localized index-of-
refraction sensing as part of a lab-on-a-chip, and in vivo continuous monitoring of tumor and …

A fluorescence confocal microendoscope requires a high-performance miniature objective.
We present a miniature objective comprising four glass lenses and one plastic aspheric …

Rapid large-area tissue imaging at the cellular resolution is important for clinical diagnosis.
We present a probe-based confocal microendoscope (pCM) with a field-of-view (FOV) …

A disposable high numerical aperture microendoscope objective has been designed,
fabricated, and tested for use with a fiber confocal reflectance microscope. The objective …

Non-linear microscopy has the potential to provide clinically useful information on the
structure of biological tissue in vivo via an endomicroscope. The ability to use plastic as the …

Currently, researchers and clinicians lack achromatized endomicroscope objectives that are
as narrow as biopsy needles. We present a proof-of-concept prototype that validates the …