Rewards are crucial objects that induce learning, approach behavior, choices, and
emotions. Whereas emotions are difficult to investigate in animals, the learning function is …

Adolescence is the transition from childhood to adulthood that begins around the onset of
puberty and ends with relative independence from the parent. This developmental period is …

The outcome of a decision is often uncertain, and outcomes can vary over repeated
decisions. Whether decision outcomes should substantially affect behaviour and learning …

Economic choice behavior entails the computation and comparison of subjective values. A
central contribution of neuroeconomics has been to show that subjective values are …

How sensory information is transformed by learning into adaptive behaviors is a
fundamental question in neuroscience. Studies of auditory fear conditioning have revealed …

There is accumulating neural evidence to support the existence of two distinct systems for
guiding action selection, a deliberative" model-based" and a reflexive" model-free" system …

Prediction errors (PEs) are a keystone for computational neuroscience. Their association
with midbrain neural firing has been confirmed across species and has inspired the …

Extinction serves as the leading theoretical framework and experimental model to describe
how learned behaviors diminish through absence of anticipated reinforcement. In the past …

The amygdala is a fascinating, complex structure that lies at the center of much of our current
thinking about emotion. Here, I will review data that suggest that the amygdala is involved in …

Adaptive reward-related decision making requires accurate prospective consideration of the
specific outcome of each option and its current desirability. These mental simulations are …