Deleterious mutations decrease reproductive fitness and are ubiquitous in genomes. Given
that many organisms face ongoing threats of extinction, there is interest in elucidating the …

Inbreeding depression, the reduction of fitness caused by inbreeding, is a nearly universal
phenomenon that depends on past mutation, selection, and genetic drift. Recent estimates …

The unprecedented rate of extinction calls for efficient use of genetics to help conserve
biodiversity. Several recent genomic and simulation-based studies have argued that the …

About 50 y ago, Crow and Kimura [An Introduction to Population Genetics Theory (1970)]
and Ohta and Kimura [Genet. Res. 22, 201–204 (1973)] laid the foundations of conservation …

Understanding the factors that cause endangered populations to either grow or decline is
crucial for preserving biodiversity. Conservation efforts often address extrinsic threats, such …

In cases of severe wildlife population decline, a key question is whether recovery efforts will
be impeded by genetic factors, such as inbreeding depression. Decades of excess mortality …

In recent years, scientists have realized that evolution can occur on timescales much shorter
than the" long lapse of ages" emphasized by Darwin—in fact, evolutionary change is …

Thousands of small populations are at increased risk of extinction because genetics and
evolutionary biology are not well‐integrated into conservation planning–a major lost …

The rapid loss of intraspecific variation is a hidden biodiversity crisis. Intraspecific variation,
which includes the genomic and phenotypic diversity found within and among populations …

Many studies have recorded phenotypic changes in natural populations and attributed them
to climate change. However, controversy and uncertainty has arisen around three levels of …