The flashing yellow arrow (FYA) signal display creates an opportunity to enhance the left-
turn phase with a variable mode that can be changed on demand. This research develops …

In the spring of 2010, the Illinois Department of Transportation initiated an areawide
implementation of the flashing yellow arrow (FYA) as the display for the left-turn permissive …

The present study conducted a field assessment of variable left-turn (VLT) mode by time-of-
day (TOD) plan for signalized intersections being upgraded with offset left-turn lanes and …

This paper proposes a signal control method for the through and left-turn shared lanes at
signalized intersections to solve traffic conflicts between left-turn vehicles and opposing …

The present study conducted an empirical Bayes (EB) before–after analysis to investigate
the combined effects of the offset left-turn lanes and flashing-yellow-arrow (FYA) signals …

A permissive left turn is one of the most dangerous movements a driver can make because
the driver travels across opposing traffic lanes. In recent years, flashing yellow arrow (FYA) …

Protected–permissive left turn (PPLT) phasing has been popular and widely used in many
urban intersections in North America because of its operational benefits. A significant …

The flashing yellow arrow (FYA) signal display creates an opportunity to enhance the left-
turn phase with a variable mode that can be changed on demand. This paper presents …

Abstract The Flashing Yellow Arrow Left Turn signal is quickly becoming prominent in
Central Florida as a new method of handling left turns at traffic signals. While the concept of …

According to NCHRP Report 493, there are five major left turn signal indications for
permitted operations in the United States. They are: Circular Green (CG), Flashing Circular …