Clostridium difficile Toxins A and B: Insights into Pathogenic Properties and Extraintestinal Effects

S Di Bella, P Ascenzi, S Siarakas, N Petrosillo… - Toxins, 2016 - mdpi.com
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has significant clinical impact especially on the elderly
and/or immunocompromised patients. The pathogenicity of Clostridium difficile is mainly …

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea

JG Bartlett - New England journal of medicine, 2002 - Mass Medical Soc
Foreword This Journal feature begins with a case vignette highlighting a common clinical
problem. Evidence supporting various strategies is then presented, followed by a review of …

Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the society for healthcare epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the infectious …

SH Cohen, DN Gerding, S Johnson… - Infection Control & …, 2010 - cambridge.org
Since publication of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America position paper on
Clostridium difficile infection in 1995, significant changes have occurred in the epidemiology …

Clostridium difficile Toxins: Mechanism of Action and Role in Disease

DE Voth, JD Ballard - Clinical microbiology reviews, 2005 - Am Soc Microbiol
As the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea, Clostridium difficile colonizes the large
bowel of patients undergoing antibiotic therapy and produces two toxins, which cause …

Toxin B is essential for virulence of Clostridium difficile

D Lyras, JR O'Connor, PM Howarth, SP Sambol… - Nature, 2009 - nature.com
Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of infectious diarrhoea in hospitals worldwide,
because of its virulence, spore-forming ability and persistence,. C. difficile-associated …

Guidelines for evaluation of new fever in critically ill adult patients: 2008 update from the American College of Critical Care Medicine and the Infectious Diseases …

NP O'Grady, PS Barie, JG Bartlett, T Bleck… - Critical care …, 2008 - journals.lww.com
Objective: To update the practice parameters for the evaluation of adult patients who
develop a new fever in the intensive care unit, for the purpose of guiding clinical practice …

Clinical Recognition and Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile Infection

JG Bartlett, DN Gerding - Clinical infectious diseases, 2008 - academic.oup.com
Prompt and precise diagnosis is an important aspect of effective management of Clostridium
difficile infection (CDI). CDI causes 15%–25% of all cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea …

A mouse model of Clostridium difficile–associated disease

X Chen, K Katchar, JD Goldsmith, N Nanthakumar… - Gastroenterology, 2008 - Elsevier
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Infection with Clostridium difficile causes nosocomial antibiotic–
associated diarrhea and colitis. Hamsters historically have been used to investigate disease …

[HTML][HTML] Clostridium difficile infection in patients discharged from US short-stay hospitals, 1996–2003

LC McDonald, M Owings… - Emerging infectious …, 2006 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
US hospital discharges for which Clostridium difficile–associated disease (CDAD) was listed
as any diagnosis doubled from 82,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 71,000–94,000) or …

Clostridium difficile infection caused by the epidemic BI/NAP1/027 strain

JR O'Connor, S Johnson, DN Gerding - Gastroenterology, 2009 - Elsevier
Rates and severity of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in hospitals in North America and
Europe have increased since 2000 and correlate with dissemination of an epidemic strain …