Objectives We review the evidence for tranexamic acid (TXA) for the treatment and
prevention of bleeding caused by surgery, trauma and bleeding disorders. We highlight …

Melasma is a chronic skin condition that involves the overproduction of melanin in areas
exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Melasma treatment is long-term and complicated with …

Melasma is a prevalent chronic relapsing pigmentary disorder that affects photoexposed
areas, especially in women of childbearing age. Although there is currently no curative …

Background Melasma is a disorder of hyperpigmentation and vascularization often found in
women between the ages of 20 and 40. The pathogenesis is unknown, but melasma often …

Background Melasma is a common dermatological condition. Although its relevance as a
skin condition is primarily of a cosmetic nature, it may affect the patient's wellbeing and …

Materials and Methods: A systematic search was performed for all topical and systemic
treatments for melasma up till May 4, 2021, using the PubMed and EMBASE databases …

Melasma is acquired hyperpigmentation that mainly affects the face, can cause negative
changes in self‐esteem, and mostly affects women. Treatment is difficult, and different drugs …

Background Chemical peelings are used on a wide scale in cosmetic field including
melasma treatment. They often provide clinicians with flexibility in tailoring treatments …

Melasma is an acquired hypermelanotic condition characterized by the presence of irregular
light-to-dark brown macules that primarily manifest on the sun-exposed areas of the skin …

Background Melasma negatively impacts patient's quality of life (QoL). Although
hydroquinone 4% is the most prescribed treatment, several side effects had been reported …