▪ Abstract Many uses of gene trees implicitly assume that nominal species are monophyletic
in their alleles at the study locus. However, in well-sampled gene trees, certain alleles in one …

▪ Abstract Sympatric speciation is the splitting of one evolutionary lineage into two without
the occurrence of geographic isolation. The concept has been intimately tied to entomology …

Darwinian Natural Selection t is quite conceiveable," Darwin wrote in his introduction to On
the Origin of Species (1859, p. 3)" that a naturalist, reflecting on the mutual affinities of …

One of the most important shifts in evolutionary biology in the past 50 years is an increased
recognition of sluggish evolution and failures to adapt, which seem paradoxical in view of …

Theories of plant defense expression are typically based on the concepts of tradeoffs among
traits and of phylogenetic conservatism within clades. Here, I review recent developments in …

▪ Abstract Islands have traditionally been considered to be any relatively small body of land
completely surrounded by water. However, their primary biological characteristic, an …

Haplotype phylogenies based on DNA sequence data are increasingly being used to test
traditional species-level taxonomies based on morphology. However, few studies have …

Background Plant-feeding insects make up a large part of earth's total biodiversity. While it
has been shown that herbivory has repeatedly led to increased diversification rates in …

“Pests soon colonize plants that are cultivated extensively, plant species recruit different pest
species in different regions, and associations of insects with plants are often more casual …

Ecological explanations for the prevalence of resource specialists are abundant, whereas
phylogenetic evidence on their origins is scarce. In this paper, we provide a molecular …