Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common clinical chronic disease, while its
pathogenesis is still inconclusive. Intestinal flora, the largest micro-ecological system in the …

Highlights•Epithelial hypoxia drives anaerobiosis to maintain dominance of obligate
anaerobes.•Increased epithelial oxygenation disrupts anaerobiosis in the large …

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate and propionate are metabolites from dietary fiber's
fermentation by gut microbiota that can affect differentiation or functions of T cells …

Purpose Gut microbiota regulate intestinal function and health. However, mounting evidence
indicates that they can also influence the immune and nervous systems and vice versa. This …

The relation between gut microbiota and the host has been suggested to benefit metabolic
homeostasis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipocytes facilitate thermogenesis to …

Emerging evidence has suggested a potential impact of gut microbiota on the
pathophysiology of heart failure (HF). However, it is still unknown whether HF is associated …

Gut dysbiosis is associated with many non-communicable human diseases, but the
mechanisms maintaining homeostasis remain incompletely understood. Recent insights …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a severely neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs a
child's ability to communicate and interact with others. Children with neurodevelopmental …

Previous studies have shown that Ficus carica polysaccharide (FCPS) extracted from
common fig fruit exhibits antioxidant and immune-enhancing properties. Nevertheless, it …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are innate immune cells that are ubiquitously distributed in
lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues and enriched at mucosal and barrier surfaces. Three …