Hydrogenosomes are organelles that produce ATP and hydrogen, and are found in various
unrelated eukaryotes, such as anaerobic flagellates, chytridiomycete fungi and ciliates …

Background: The nuclear genetic code has changed in several lineages of ciliates. These
changes, UAR to glutamine and UGA to cysteine, imply that eukaryotic release factor 1 …

▪ Abstract In order to understand both the past and future directions of research in
evolutionary biology we need to begin by understanding in what way these programs of …

ATP-binding cassette subfamily B (ABCB) has been implicated in various essential functions
such as multidrug resistance, auxin transport and heavy metal tolerance in animals and …

Background The phenotype of an organism is an outcome of both its genotype, encoding the
primary sequence of proteins, and the developmental orchestration of gene expression. The …

In ciliates, chromosomal rearrangements occur during the development of the somatic
macronuclear genome from the germline micronuclear genome. These rearrangements are …

The process of gene unscrambling in hypotrichous ciliates represents one of nature's
ingenious solutions to the problem of gene assembly. With some essential genes scrambled …

It is well established that G-quadruplex DNA structures form at ciliate telomeres and their
formation throughout the cell-cycle by telomere-end-binding proteins (TEBPs) has been …

In most lineages, diversity among gene family members results from gene duplication
followed by sequence divergence. Because of the genome rearrangements during the …

Background The hydrogenosomes of the anaerobic ciliate Nyctotherus ovalis show how
mitochondria can evolve into hydrogenosomes because they possess a mitochondrial …