The immune system is generally known to be the primary defense mechanism against
pathogens. Any pathological conditions are reflected in anomalies in the immune system …

Introduction Vaccination requires innovation to provide effective protection. Traditional
vaccines have several drawbacks, which can be overcome with advanced technologies and …

Background. Tumor cells can die via immunogenic cell death pathway, in which damage-
associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) are released from the cells. These …

Background: The discovery of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is related to the ancient history of
persistent research on the origins of the haemorrhagic disease scurvy. Vitamin C is an …

Bifidobacteria are a prominent type of bacteria that have garnered significant research
attention for their exceptional probiotic properties and capacity to produce …

Inflammation has been related to schizophrenia (SZ). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
(NLR) is an inexpensive inflammatory marker, however, its potential predictive value in …

Neurodegeneration, the slow and progressive loss of neurons in the central nervous system
has become a major challenge to public health worldwide particularly with elderly people …

The immune system comprising an intricate network of various specialised cells and
associated molecules is crucial to extermination of pathogens from the host's body, thus vital …

Vaccination has had a significant impact on infectious diseases control. However, there are
still a number of infectious diseases for which an effective vaccine has yet to be developed …

The immune system maintains constant surveillance to prevent the infiltration of both
endogenous and exogenous threats into host organisms. The process is regulated by …