Cell-free biology is the activation of biological processes without the use of intact living cells.
It has been used for more than 50 years across the life sciences as a foundational research …

Cell-free gene expression (CFE) emerged as an alternative approach to living cells for
specific applications in protein synthesis and labelling for structural biology and proteomics …

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a diverse family of biopolyesters synthesized by many
natural or engineered bacteria. Synthetic biology and DNA-editing approaches have been …

Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) has become an established biotechnology tool for rapid
protein expression. Over the past few decades many advances have elevated CFPS from a …

The cell-free molecular synthesis of biochemical systems is a rapidly growing field of
research. Advances in the Human Genome Project, DNA synthesis, and other technologies …

Cell-free transcription-translation (TXTL) is expanding as a polyvalent experimental platform
to engineer biological systems outside living organisms. As the number of TXTL applications …

The CRISPR-Cas system has enabled the development of sophisticated, multigene
metabolic engineering programs through the use of guide RNA-directed activation or …

Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) has become an established tool for rapid protein
synthesis in order to accelerate the discovery of new enzymes and the development of …

Computer-aided design (CAD) for synthetic biology promises to accelerate the rational and
robust engineering of biological systems. It requires both detailed and quantitative …

The cell-free system is a tool that harnesses the complex biological processes outside of
living cells. Owing to the system's superior flexibility and manipulability, it has matured its …